Supervisors
Akihito Watanabe, M.D.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital
Masahiro Fujita, M.D.
Director, Department of Clinical Pathology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital
Supervisor's Note
All of the endoscopic images shown in this booklet were captured using VISERA Rhino-Laryngo videoscope
Olympus ENF Type V2 (manufactured by Olympus Medical Systems, Corp.). This scope has a thin design to
enable nasal insertion, but it cannot be used for suction or water feeding due to lack in a suction channel. Since
diagnoses of lesion in the pharynx, particularly the hypopharynx, are sometimes difficult due to accumulation of
mucus such as saliva, we had the patients at our hospital swallow water immediately before endoscopic
examination to rinse the saliva and eliminate the chance that superficial cancers might be overlooked.
Akihito Watanabe, M.D.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital
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